A pulse oximeter is a non-invasive medical device used to measure the oxygen saturation (SpO2) level in the blood, along with the pulse rate. It plays a critical role in monitoring respiratory and cardiovascular health, often used in hospitals, clinics, and home setting.
By attaching the device to a fingertip, earlobe, or other thin part of the body, the pulse oximeter provides real-time data, helping detect conditions like hypoxemia (low oxygen levels) and track patient recovery, especially in those with respiratory issues like COVID-19, asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
The working principle of a pulse oximeter is based on light absorption. The device emits red and infrared light through the skin, and a sensor on the other side measures how much light passes through. Oxygen-rich blood absorbs more infrared light, while deoxygenated blood absorbs more red light. By analyzing the ratio of light absorbed, the device calculates the percentage of oxygen in the blood. This process is painless, quick, and provides crucial data to ensure the body is receiving enough oxygen.
Pulse oximeters come in different types depending on their intended use. Fingertip pulse oximeters are portable and commonly used at home or during physical activity monitoring. Handheld and bedside pulse oximeters are designed for continuous monitoring in hospital settings, where real-time tracking of oxygen levels and heart rate is critical. Wearable pulse oximeters, often integrated into smartwatches or fitness trackers, allow users to monitor their oxygen levels throughout the day. The accessibility and accuracy of these devices have made them a valuable tool in modern healthcare.
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